Python Data Types

Python Data Types

Introduction
Python is a dynamically typed programming language, which means that you don't need to explicitly specify the data type of a variable. Python automatically assigns a data type based on the value it holds. Python supports several built-in data types that allow you to store different kinds of data.

Numeric Types

1. Integers (int): Integers represent whole numbers, both positive and negative, without any fractional part. They can be defined using the int() constructor or simply by assigning a numeric value to a variable.

   python
   x = 10
   y = int(20)
   

2. Floating-Point Numbers (float): Floats represent numbers with decimal points. They can be defined using the float() constructor or by using a float literal.

   python
   pi = 3.14
   radius = float(5.5)
   

Text Type
3. Strings (str): Strings represent sequences of characters and are used to store textual data. They can be defined using single or double quotes.

python
message = 'Hello, World!'
name = "Alice"

Boolean Type
4. Boolean (bool): Booleans represent either True or False values. They are used in logical expressions and control flow statements.

python
is_student = True
is_teacher = False

Sequence Types
5. Lists: Lists are ordered, mutable collections of items. They can hold elements of different data types.

python
numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
fruits = ['apple', 'banana', 'cherry']

6. Tuples: Tuples are ordered, immutable collections of items. Once defined, their elements cannot be changed.

   python
   point = (10, 20)
   colors = ('red', 'green', 'blue')
   

Mapping Type
7. Dictionaries (dict): Dictionaries store key-value pairs and are unordered. They allow you to access values using their corresponding keys.

python
person = {'name': 'John', 'age': 30, 'occupation': 'engineer'}

Set Types
8. Sets: Sets are unordered collections of unique elements. They are useful for performing set operations like union, intersection, etc.

python
unique_numbers = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}

None Type
9. NoneType (None): The None type represents the absence of a value. It is often used to initialize variables before assigning them a value.

python
result = None

Conclusion
Understanding Python's data types is essential for efficient and effective programming. With this knowledge, you can leverage the appropriate data type for different scenarios and manipulate data effectively in Python programs.